In principle yes and I wouldn't do it but in the short term it's less of a big deal.
The difference in wheel size is theoretically 8mm and the difference in ride hight between the front and rear axles is nominally 4mm.
However, I assume they are different brands (I wouldn't recommend this either) that will have different sidewall flex and the car uses different tyre pressues front to rear too. Given that then it's impossible to pin down the difference.
Put the 215/40's on the front, set the tyre pressures at 34F 33R. The slighlty pumped up rear will be fine handling wise on an OE setup and should reduce the effective radius of the tyre.
It's far from perfect but it will probably not kill your diff for that amount.