Can I just clarify?
- You were driving along when you smelt fuel.
- You stopped to investigate and found the hose had come off between the filter and the fuel rail.
- You put it back on, and continued on your way.
- The car hasn't been running right since.
So it didn't stop running when the hose was not connected to the fuel filter (and presumably pissing fuel down the firewall so that you could smell it)? - The only way I could see that happening is if you have the pipework around the wrong way and your filter is on after the fuel rail instead of before it.
How old is the filter? I'm just wondering if it's completely blocked and the fuel pressure actually forced it off... and now there is either no flow because of the blocked filter or you've managed to reverse flush all the shite into the tank and then into the injectors.