Reversion is simply the exhaust gases momentarily  flowing backwards during   the overlap phase of the camshaft at low cycling rates.  During the  overlap  phase the engine is on the exhaust stroke and the piston is pushing out  the last  of the exhaust gases.  Prior to reaching top dead center the intake  valve  begins to open.  At low cycling rates the intake charge and the exiting  exhaust pulse have yet created any momentum.  Thus the piston pushes  some  spent exhaust gas into the intake manifold.  This is why engines with  big  camshafts idle and sound radical. The exhaust pulses shoot up into  intake  manifold causing a major disturbance.  The cylinders receive an uneven  mixture of air, fuel and spent exhaust gas. The piston then reaches top  dead  center and begins the intake stroke. At this point both valves are open,  in fact  the exhaust valve in some cases may not shut for another 50 degrees of  crank  rotation. During this 50 degrees of crank rotation the piston literally  draws  from both the intake and exhaust valves causing the exhaust gases will  momentarily reverse. At high cycling rates the inertia of the incoming  intake  charge and the out going exhaust pulse keep the gases flowing in the  proper  direction. Not a problem until you add water into the exhaust stream.   Concerning headers, reversion can be severe enough to add water to oil  (milky  oil), rust valve seats, even stall the engine. This effect only happens  at idle,  but engines encounter their greatest reversion pulse at shut down. 
 For this reason Lightning Performance Marine has  developed guide lines to  help you decide what options to add when considering an exhaust system.  
 Our guide lines are based on a 454 C.I. engine with a  standard Mercury header  and 8" long collector.  The camshaft should be no larger than  240  deg. duration @ .050 lift. Lobe separation angle 112 degrees.  Valve  lift  is not that much of a factor.  These figures are just guide lines. Cubic   inch displacement, valve size, connecting rod length, valve timing, etc.  all  have an effect on reversion. 
 
THE ONLY TRUE TEST FOR REVERSION IS TO IDLE  THE  ENGINE WITH THE  HEADERS ATTACHED AND WATER GOING  THROUGH THEM, SHUT IT DOWN, REMOVE THE   HEADERS AND IF YOU HAVE WATER RESIDUE LAYING IN THE EXHAUST PORTS, YOU  HAVE  REVERSION.
 Lightning Performance Marine makes many options to  reduce or totally  eliminate reversion.
 
 
-    Header selection        The tip to header  selection is to choose    a design that will introduce water into    the exhaust stream as late as possible.  For example our  40340     header is actually made to replace a Mercury manifold with a 3" riser  block.     This header is 4" taller than a standard Mercury header plus it rocks  forward    2" thus were able to add a 2" longer collector.  If the height is not a     concern you just added 6" of dry length to the header.    
 
-    Collector selection       If you have    room to add dry collector length do it. Collectors are available in a  variety of     lengths.    
 
-    Cubic inch displacement    The tip here is  simple,     the bigger they are the harder they suck back.  Either reduce the    duration of the cam or start add some anti reversion options.   
 
-    Camshaft selection       With regards    to headers the only thing your concerned about is how much piston  movement     in volume takes place while the exhaust valve is open on the intake  stroke.     A wide lobe separation angle  actually advances the exhaust valve  timing    event which will close the exhaust valve sooner,  but the down side is  it    also moves  the horsepower and torque curve up the RPM range.     Rhoades style bleed down lifters will deduce the cam duration by as  much    as 20 degrees. Available only in standard hydraulic these lifters are a  great    choice.    
 
-    Connecting rods       Marine engine    builders rarely think of connecting rod ratios effecting reversion,  but it    does.  A longer than stock connecting rod will make the piston dwell  at    the top during the overlap cycle thus less piston movement with  regards to    crank rotation.